Performance work starts with a small set of measurements, then grows into a model of queues, workloads, resources, and trade-offs. This series follows that progression and ends with the full LLM inference stack, where hardware, kernels, hosts, runtimes, and orchestration can all contribute to the bottleneck.
The articles share a common goal: connect a local optimization to its end-to-end effect, then choose the next experiment based on expected return rather than familiarity with a particular layer.
Interactive Performance Guide
Systems engineering for performance flows through five stages, from defining the metrics to finding bottlenecks across the inference stack:
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STAGE 1
Performance Fundamentals
Latency, throughput, utilization, Little's Law
STAGE 2
Queuing Theory
Queues, utilization, resource pooling
STAGE 3
Benchmarking & Capacity
Load testing, coordinated omission, capacity
STAGE 4
Pareto Optimization
Multi-objective tuning, trade-offs
STAGE 5
Full-stack Inference
Layers, bottlenecks, service demand